Twelve people were wounded in a shooting near Toledo’s Old West End Festival

city where the shooting occurred

Toledo is a city and municipality in Spain. It is the capital of the province of Toledo and the de jure seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha.

two-day Toledo community event near where the shooting occurred

state where Toledo is located

Ohio University is a public research university with its main campus in Athens, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1804, it was the first university established in the former Northwest Territory. The university enrolled about 25,000 undergraduate and graduate students in Athens as of 2023. It maintains seven regional and extension campuses across Ohio.

Toledo Deputy Police Chief who described investigators' belief about the shooting

Joanna Hiffernan or Joanna Heffernan was an Irish artists' model and muse who was romantically linked with American painter James Abbott McNeill Whistler and French painter Gustave Courbet. In addition to being an artists' model, Hiffernan herself also drew and painted, although it is not believed she ever exhibited her work.

news organisation reporting on victims, responders and the festival

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are distributed to its members, major U.S. daily newspapers and radio and television broadcasters. Since the Pulitzer Prize was established in 1917, the AP has earned 60 of them, including 36 for photography.

source whose definition of a mass shooting was cited

The Gun Violence Archive (GVA) is an American nonprofit group with an accompanying website and social media delivery platforms which seeks to catalog every incident of what it deems to be gun violence in the United States. It was founded by Michael Klein and Mark Bryant. Klein is the founder of the Sunlight Foundation, and Bryant is a retired systems analyst.

location of another case that same weekend

Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the lake from Ontario, Canada, and is approximately 60 miles west of the Ohio–Pennsylvania state line. Cleveland is the most populous city on Lake Erie and second-most populous city in Ohio, with a population of 372,624 at the 2020 census.

country context for the wider pattern of mass shootings and gun violence

The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic consisting of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.