Image illustrating: Keir Starmer (editorial)
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Keir Starmer resigns as UK Prime Minister after less than two years in office

Keir Starmer announced his resignation as UK Prime Minister and Labour Party leader on Monday, less than two years after leading Labour to its biggest election victory since 1997. Andy Burnham, the Manchester Mayor whose Makerfield by-election triumph last week precipitated the crisis, is the frontrunner to succeed him.

Belgium Impulse Editorial·22 June 2026·3 min read
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UK Politics and Brexit: Origins to Today

A decade-and-a-half of British politics through the lens of Brexit — from David Cameron's 2013 EU pledge through the 2016 referendum, the long Withdrawal Agreement process, the 2020 exit, and into the post-Brexit Labour government's relationship with Brussels.

Read full dossier →
Updated 18 May

About this story

Keir Starmer (born 1962) served as UK Prime Minister from July 2024 to June 2026. A former human rights barrister and Director of Public Prosecutions, he led Labour from its worst defeat since 1935 to landslide victory in 2024.

The broader view

How to read this story

The history

1962 — Keir Starmer born 2 September in Southwark, London. Named after Keir Hardie, Labour''s first parliamentary leader. 2008–2013 — Director of Public Prosecutions and Head of the Crown Prosecution Service. Oversaw phone-hacking prosecutions. 2014 — Appointed KCB (Knight Commander of the Bath). 2015 — Elected MP for Holborn and St Pancras, London. April 2020 — Elected Labour Party leader (56.2% first round) after Jeremy Corbyn''s 2019 catastrophe. July 2024 — Labour wins 411 seats, majority of 174. Starmer enters Downing Street. October 2024 — Chancellor Reeves budget criticised for tax rises and winter fuel allowance cuts. Approval erodes sharply. May 2025 — Labour suffers major local election losses. Health Secretary Wes Streeting resigns with leadership ambitions. Summer 2025 — Disability benefits cuts scaled back after a major backbench revolt — the third major U-turn of Starmer''s tenure. September 2025 — Deputy PM Angela Rayner resigns amid a tax controversy. 2025–2026 — Net satisfaction falls to -66 (Ipsos). Reform UK under Nigel Farage capitalises on anti-establishment sentiment. 18 June 2026 — Andy Burnham wins the Makerfield by-election with over 50% of the vote, defeating Reform UK. 22 June 2026 — Starmer resigns outside 10 Downing Street: "Every decision I have taken has been about putting the country I love first. That is why I will resign as leader of the Labour Party."

The geopolitics

Starmer''s resignation arrives at a delicate moment in UK-EU relations. His government negotiated a reset deal with Brussels — the most significant UK-EU realignment since Brexit — agreed personally with Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Brussels is watching Andy Burnham''s European positioning carefully. EU sources cited by Le Soir describe a ''reassessment'' of the planned UK-EU summit timing, with European officials preferring to wait until a new Labour leader is confirmed before proceeding.

Why now

The immediate trigger was Andy Burnham''s Makerfield by-election victory on 18 June. The North West England seat was a bellwether test of whether a Labour candidate running with Burnham''s endorsement — and explicitly distancing from Starmer — could defeat Reform UK. He won over 50%. Within 96 hours, enough Labour MPs had privately confirmed they would not back Starmer in a confidence vote to make his position untenable. Home Secretary Mahmood and Foreign Secretary Cooper had already opened discussions about a transition timeline.

What to watch

1. The Labour leadership race: Andy Burnham (56) is frontrunner; nominations open 9 July, winner expected September. Wes Streeting, Angela Eagle, and Yvette Cooper may also stand. 2. Reform UK: Nigel Farage will attempt to frame Labour''s transition as proof that mainstream politics cannot deliver. 3. The EU-UK summit: under reassessment — Brussels will wait for the new leader to publicly reaffirm the reset agenda before scheduling. 4. The parliamentary programme: Starmer remains PM in caretaker mode; no major legislation expected until autumn.

Regional impact

Belgium sits at the heart of the EU institutions that negotiated the post-Brexit reset deal with Starmer. The estimated 30,000 British nationals living in Belgium and 25,000 Belgian nationals in the UK face renewed uncertainty over bilateral agreements on professional qualifications recognition, still in negotiation.

Local impact

British nationals in Belgium and Belgian nationals in the UK will be monitoring the leadership transition closely. No immediate policy changes are expected, but the bilateral agenda may be paused during the Labour contest.

International angle

Britain''s political instability now extends to seven prime ministers in just over a decade. For the EU, Starmer''s departure removes its most reliable counterpart in London since Tony Blair. The reset deal gives Brussels a stake in a smooth transition. EU diplomats have privately expressed concern that a Labour leadership contest could deprioritise the UK-EU agenda for months.

R44Every Belgium Impulse story carries this context — that’s the rule.

What this means for you

No immediate change to rights under the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement, which remains binding law. The reset deal trade provisions are in secondary legislation and will not be disturbed by a change of PM. However, planned bilateral agreements on professional qualifications recognition — still in negotiation — may be delayed if the new leader''s team needs time to review the file.

UK nationals in Belgium (approx. 30,000)Belgian nationals in the UK (approx. 25,000)EU businesses with UK operationsLabour Party membershipUK business and investor community

Questions readers ask

  • ·Who will replace Keir Starmer as UK Prime Minister?
  • ·What does Starmer's resignation mean for the UK-EU reset deal?
  • ·Why did Starmer become so unpopular after a landslide victory?
  • ·What is Andy Burnham's position on EU-UK relations?
  • ·How does the Labour leadership election work, and how long will it take?

Who and what

Keir Starmer
personUK Prime Minister (resigned)
Andy Burnham
personGreater Manchester Mayor, Labour leadership frontrunner
Shabana Mahmood
personUK Home Secretary
Yvette Cooper
personUK Foreign Secretary
Rachel Reeves
personUK Chancellor of the Exchequer
Wes Streeting
personFormer UK Health Secretary (resigned May 2026)
Jeremy Corbyn
personFormer Labour leader
Nigel Farage
personReform UK leader
Ursula von der Leyen
personEuropean Commission President
John Curtice
personProfessor of Politics, University of Strathclyde
Makerfield
place
Labour Party
organisation
Reform UK
organisation

Related topics

Gallery

  • Official portrait of Prime Minister Keir Starmer, July 2024

    Official Downing Street portrait of Keir Starmer, taken 5 July 2024.

    Simon Dawson / No 10 Downing Street (OGL v3.0)

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